Thursday, January 30, 2020
Disinhibitory effect Essay Example for Free
Disinhibitory effect Essay Albert Bandura explains vicarious learning also known as observational learning as the function of observing and imitating behavior from other people. It involves the process of learning what other s are doing and impacting the behavior in our lives through observation. He believes that observational learning is most important during childhood whereby children look up to their parents and guardians as their role models. Bandura argues that vicarious learning allows people to learn without necessarily changing their behavior. Vicarious learning occurs in various mechanisms. These are: The modeling effect In this case a person almost copies the behavior observed in another person although with some differences. Disinhibitory effect This is different because the observer performs a particular behavior after seeing another person perform the behavior without any negative effects. The eliciting effect In this case, the observer displays behavior that is closely related to that of another person although with some differences. Inhibitory effect This is a type of observational learning whereby a person avoids performing a certain behavior after seeing another person face negative consequences from the same behavior. Vicarious learning is related to deviant behavior in children because people who commit crimes relate them to early exposure either directly or indirectly. For example, people who are exposed to pornography material at an early age, eventually become child molesters. Some research studies show that pornography is a tool that is used by child molesters to persuade children to perform the abuse. (Grusec, Hastings, 2006). Baumrind’s typology of parenting styles Parenting is an activity that includes behavior that works either individually or together to influence the outcomes of children’s behaviors. Baumrind believes that the typology of parenting style doe not include deviant parenting but it involves the issue of control. All parents differ in mechanisms through which they control their children or socialize with them, but the main role of parenthood is to control, teach or influence their children. Types of parenting styles Authoritarian parents These parents are very directive and demanding but they respond less to the needs and requests of their children. Such parents expect their children to obey each and every order without explanations. Authoritarian parents usually provide a well structured and ordered environment with rules that should be strictly adhered to. Indulgent parents These types of parents are also referred to as non directive or permissive. They are very responsive and less demanding of their children. Indulgent parents are very lenient and avoid confrontation with their children. They allow for self regulation and do not expect mature behavior from their children. Authoritative parents Unlike the authoritarian parents, the authoritative parents are demanding as well as responsive. These parents monitor their children closely while imparting standards of good conduct in them. They use disciplinary methods that are supportive but tough. Authoritative parents want their children to be firm, socially responsible, assertive as well as self regulated. Uninvolved parents These are the type of parents who lack demand and response towards their children. The authoritative parenting style is the mot effective because it involves parents who are both demanding and responsive. This type of parenting involves disciplinary methods that are both tough and supportive; hence they have a positive effect on the children. Parents who aim at imparting standards of good conduct and self regulation are more effective in their families. (Siegel, Welsh, 2004). The uninvolved parenting style is the least effective parenting style because it results to reject and neglect. These parents lack both responsiveness and demandingness and therefore do not communicate properly with their children. Children who are raised by uninvolved parents feel neglected and rejected and thus are more likely to develop delinquent behavior. Unraveling Juvenile delinquency study by Sheldon and Eleanor This study was conducted in 1940 by Sheldon Glueck and his wife. This study was aimed at examining criminal behavior and they argued that potential deviants could be identified as early as six years of age. They aimed at identifying the causes of crime and delinquency. Sheldon and Eleanor conducted investigations through interviewing family members, social workers, employers, schoolteachers and neighbors. They identified the role played by family structures and discipline in shaping the antisocial aggressive behaviors and delinquency in adolescents and adulthood. During their study the Gluecks compared delinquent and nondelinquent males from Italian, English and Irish families living in poor urban areas. Their findings were that delinquent behavior is developed as a result of early childhood experiences, family structure and discipline. (Glueck, S. Glueck E. 1951). The findings of the Gluecks are valid because delinquent behavior develops early before children reach the age of adolescence. Delinquent signs can be identified between the ages of three and six and almost before they reach the age of eleven. References Burfeind, J. W. Bartusch, D. J. (2005). Juvenile Delinquency: An Integrated Approach. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Glueck, S. Glueck E. (1951). Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency. Harvard University Press. Grusec, J. , E. Hastings, P. , D. (2006). Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research. Guilford Press. Siegel, L. J. Welsh, B, C. (2004). Juvenile Delinquency: The Core. Thomson Wadsworth.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
legal case Essay -- essays research papers
MEMORANDUM INTRODUCTION      You have asked me to determine whether our client Diana Lewis committed unauthorized practice of law by providing her services. I have done research on statutes and cases. This memorandum will address the issue of this case, California Bar’s claim, and Ms. Lewis’s possible defense. STATEMENT OF FACTS      In May 2001, Diana Lewis earned her Associate of Art degree and Paralegal Certificate from City College of San Francisco. In June 2001, Ms. Lewis opened her business to prepare legal paperwork for clients involved in uncontested divorces. She advertises her business in the Daily Journal and the Recorder. She charges no more than $75 for the complete package of paperwork and has assisted 25 clients to date.      Because Ms. Lewis’s clients are not familiar with the legal terminology and some of them are illiterate, Ms. Lewis is compelled to ask questions and hold conferences with them. The day before the client’s court hearing, Ms. Lewis meets with her client to discuss what he or she can expect during the hearing. Ms. Lewis does not accompany the client to the hearing. Diana Lewis has been charged by the California Bar with unauthorized practice of law. ISSUE      Did Ms. Lewis practice law when she provided such legal document service? BRIEF ANSWER      No. California Bar could make a case that Ms. Lewis gave legal advice. But when she helped her clients with â€Å"uncontested†divorce document, she did not give specific advice by which the client’s particular legal rights were secured. She simply helped interpret instructions on preparing the general legal forms at her clients’ request. Such sales and services are legitimate. DISCUSSION In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6125, â€Å"[n]o person shall practice law in California unless the person is an active member of the State Bar.†Diana Lewis dose not have law school education and did not pass California Bar Exams. She is not an active member of the State Bar. So she cannot practice law in California. The issue is whether she practiced law. In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6400, â€Å"[a] legal document assistant may not provide any kind of advice, explanation, opinion, or recommendation to a consumer about possible legal rights, remedies, defenses... ... of law. In addition it violates Unfair Competition Law at the same time. Walter Moore is similar to Ms. Lewis in that they are both non-lawyers and provided legal document service. Also, they both advertised locally. Walter Moore listed in the phone book under â€Å"Legal Aid†directory. Here we need more details about Ms. Lewis’s advertisement such as the wordings and under what section it was printed. CONCLUSION      California code prohibits Diana Lewis to practice law. The issue is whether Ms. Lewis actually practiced law.      According to the statute and court opinion, the key point is whether a non-lawyer provides advice or prepares legal instruments that would secure the party’s legal rights.      From the fats at hand, I do not see Diana Lewis have provided individual client with specific advice that would affect his or her legal rights. In fact, in the case of â€Å"uncontested†divorce, such practice of legal advice is not usually needed.      Some detail information on Ms. Lewis’s advertisement and her discussion with clients will be needed to help with her defense. legal case Essay -- essays research papers MEMORANDUM INTRODUCTION      You have asked me to determine whether our client Diana Lewis committed unauthorized practice of law by providing her services. I have done research on statutes and cases. This memorandum will address the issue of this case, California Bar’s claim, and Ms. Lewis’s possible defense. STATEMENT OF FACTS      In May 2001, Diana Lewis earned her Associate of Art degree and Paralegal Certificate from City College of San Francisco. In June 2001, Ms. Lewis opened her business to prepare legal paperwork for clients involved in uncontested divorces. She advertises her business in the Daily Journal and the Recorder. She charges no more than $75 for the complete package of paperwork and has assisted 25 clients to date.      Because Ms. Lewis’s clients are not familiar with the legal terminology and some of them are illiterate, Ms. Lewis is compelled to ask questions and hold conferences with them. The day before the client’s court hearing, Ms. Lewis meets with her client to discuss what he or she can expect during the hearing. Ms. Lewis does not accompany the client to the hearing. Diana Lewis has been charged by the California Bar with unauthorized practice of law. ISSUE      Did Ms. Lewis practice law when she provided such legal document service? BRIEF ANSWER      No. California Bar could make a case that Ms. Lewis gave legal advice. But when she helped her clients with â€Å"uncontested†divorce document, she did not give specific advice by which the client’s particular legal rights were secured. She simply helped interpret instructions on preparing the general legal forms at her clients’ request. Such sales and services are legitimate. DISCUSSION In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6125, â€Å"[n]o person shall practice law in California unless the person is an active member of the State Bar.†Diana Lewis dose not have law school education and did not pass California Bar Exams. She is not an active member of the State Bar. So she cannot practice law in California. The issue is whether she practiced law. In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6400, â€Å"[a] legal document assistant may not provide any kind of advice, explanation, opinion, or recommendation to a consumer about possible legal rights, remedies, defenses... ... of law. In addition it violates Unfair Competition Law at the same time. Walter Moore is similar to Ms. Lewis in that they are both non-lawyers and provided legal document service. Also, they both advertised locally. Walter Moore listed in the phone book under â€Å"Legal Aid†directory. Here we need more details about Ms. Lewis’s advertisement such as the wordings and under what section it was printed. CONCLUSION      California code prohibits Diana Lewis to practice law. The issue is whether Ms. Lewis actually practiced law.      According to the statute and court opinion, the key point is whether a non-lawyer provides advice or prepares legal instruments that would secure the party’s legal rights.      From the fats at hand, I do not see Diana Lewis have provided individual client with specific advice that would affect his or her legal rights. In fact, in the case of â€Å"uncontested†divorce, such practice of legal advice is not usually needed.      Some detail information on Ms. Lewis’s advertisement and her discussion with clients will be needed to help with her defense.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Dead Poets Society and Individualism
Preston Herring English 200 February 6, 2013 Dead Poet’s Society and Individualism In the movie, Dead Poet’s Society, it conveys the thought of individualism and how it can impact your life as a whole in detail. The many conflicts that the characters face throughout the movie demonstrate how the thought of thinking for one’s self is shameful and how being different and sticking out from the crowd is looked down upon. Neil Parry’s suicide for instance illustrates the consequences that can happen when someone’s individual thoughts and feelings are not listened to and authority’s tradition is allowed to prevail against individualism.On the other hand the triumph of the individual thoughts and beliefs may sometimes have a positive outcome like in the case of Knox Overstreet. When Knox becomes obsessed with Chris, without even meeting her, he ends up risking his life to win her heart. In both cases, characters go with their individual thoughts and beliefs to make their choices and stop obeying traditional authority figures. The whole group of friends of Neil Parry and Todd Anderson embark on a trip of finding themselves and individual growth that will have a lasting impact on their futures.Not everybody can have the inner strength to stand up for their individual thoughts. An example is Neil Parry’s unfortunate suicide. When Neil decides to pursue a career in acting rather than in medicine his father, Mr. Parry, is furious. Unemotional by Neil’s extraordinary performance in the play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Mr. Parry continues to insist on controlling Neil’s life and dictating his every move. But Mr. Parry’s efforts were in vain. Neil had already experienced freedom once before, a privilege not easily obtained.With this taste of freedom he realizes that he can think for himself and do great things on his own. Neil eventually stands up to his father, but can’t express his opinions and emotions to the increasingly angered old school man that his father is. Rather than continuing to live a life in which he can’t pursue his own true dreams, he decides that the only way to gain control of his situation is by killing himself. Though he lost everything in the process, suicide was the only way for Neil to stand up to his father and live life to the fullest or s Mr. Keating would say â€Å"Carpe Diem†. Through the action of suicide, Neil is taking control of his life decisions and must accept the consequences. Neil’s decision to take his life was a necessary step to find himself, grow as an individual, and realize that he can make his own decisions. On the other side of the story is Knox Overstreet, one who is not afraid to express his own emotions and romances. Knox recognizes the vital importance of individualism when he becomes in love with Chris, a girl that he has never met before and doesn’t even know.Knox, like Neil, recognizes the importance of individual emotion and opinions in guiding him through life and helping him make decisions. Knox decides to risk everything by standing up to her boyfriend Chet in a romantic attempt to win Chris’s heart. His many attempts prove to be effective in the end. Chris does go to A Midsummer Night’s Dream with Knox and even holds his hand. In a way Knox has succeeded, he has won the battle, and he has prevailed over the authority figure Chet.Throughout the movie, there are several examples where characters act with individuality, purposely disobeying traditional authority in order to follow their own dreams. In some cases, these conflicts had positive outcomes like in Knox’s case. In other situations such outbreak of individualism had deadly consequences like Neil. In either case the process of self-discovery and free thinking was bound to happen and after being awarded freedom for the very first time, both Neil and Knox weren’t going to give up th is sense of individuality and free thinking up without a fight.The only place where someone can find out his or her true identity, their true character, is within himself or herself. Neil and Knox’s fearless fight with basic tradition beliefs will forever demonstrate the importance and necessity of finding yourself and individually growing to become a new person that you chose to be and to be a role model and figure to new generations of teenagers to come. Works Cited FitzPatrick, Bill. Action Principles. †Success. org. American Success Institute. 12 Dec 2006 . Long, Tony. â€Å"You Say You Want a Revolution? †[Podcast entry] The Luddite. 06 July 2006. Wired. com. 12 Dec 2006 . Waldo, Ralph Waldo. â€Å"Philosophy of Teaching. †UW. 12 Dec 2006 .
Monday, January 6, 2020
In Both Sets Of Experiments, All Participants Experienced
In both sets of experiments, all participants experienced the exact same set of trials, following the same parameters. This included randomizing the order of the prescribed treatments. In this case, the treatments consisted of 200 image pairs of possible paths with obstructions of different shapes and sizes in a two-dimensional array for the participants to view and rate the relevance of the obstructions. This randomization technique is one way to minimize any carryover effect from one level to the next, and is commonly used in Within-Subjects Designs experiments (Elmes et al., 1992, p. 126). The researchers decided to use a secondary experiment with 52 participants to ensure that the results of the primary experiment were not skewed as a†¦show more content†¦SVMs are standard tools that are used in machine learning, such as in robotics and manufacturing, and are used to recognize patterns in data and classify new data (Tanner Itti, 2017, p. 174). The SVM algorithms were tr ained and then tested on the same image pairs that were used by the human experiments, and the results were compared with the mathematical goal relevance model. Descriptive Statistics The experiments provided descriptive statistics for each of the tests that were conducted. For the human experiments, whereby the participants were required to give a response based on choosing a left or right path around an obstruction, the researchers calculated inter-subject agreement for an image pair as the fraction of participants who agreed with the majority decision. The statistical data was presented graphically as a frequency distribution histogram with Number of Pairs on the y-axis and % Human Agreement on the x-axis, and numerically showed an average inter-subject agreement across all images to be 77.05% (Tanner Itti, 2017, p. 175). The SVM computer modeling had descriptive statistics that showed the accuracy of the model in predicting the data. The statistical data was presented graphically as a frequency distribution histogram with Prediction Accuracy of Model Inter-subject Agreement on the y-axis and % Human Agreement on the x-axis and numerically depicted a mean accuracy of 81.97%, with a standard deviation of 3.46% (TannerShow MoreRelatedThe, Or Involuntary Musical Imagery1473 Words  | 6 Pagesrepeatedly in an involuntary manner. It has been researched that popular songs are the most dominant earworms , but this experiment has intentions to analyse earworm data from songs having varying levels of popularity and experience for a variety of resulting data. The aim for this experiment is how likely a song would become an earworm via two conditions. Firstly, on how much the participant likes the song after listening to it 6 times, or the estimated amount of times the song has been listened to. 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